Eyecare practitioners frequently encounter pathology that requires onward referral either to a colleague or an ophthalmologist. Timely and appropriate referral to the hospital eye service improves patient care and enhances the relationship between all eye care health professionals. This lecture reviews the common ophthalmic conditions seen by Dispensing Opticians and Optometrists and how they should be managed in practice or referred to an ophthalmologist in an appropriate time frame.